Materials, Circuits and Devices

Understandable Mathematics for Electrical Circuits, Electronics, and Computing Applications

Mon, 13 Apr 2026 08:38:05 GMT

Electric circuits and electronics are vital to the functioning of modern technologies that we use every day, and the rise of computer technology has led to many different applications, for example artificial intelligence, robots, quantum computing, machine learning, and the internet of things (IoT).

Mathematics is an essential tool for understanding and mastering electric circuits, electronics, and computer technology. A thorough understanding of mathematics enables one to analyze and solve complex problems in these fields, and is essential for designing and implementing electronic and computer systems.

Understandable Mathematics for Electrical Circuits, Electronics, and Computing Applications: Key concepts provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental mathematical concepts required in the fields of electric circuits, electronics, and computers. It reviews fundamental mathematics and algebra concepts, then takes the reader through key mathematics for electric circuits and electronics, calculus for electric circuits, and mathematics for computing, including topics such as Boolean logic, Karnaugh maps, and number systems.

This book is a concise study guide for readers and an ideal resource for those who are looking to study, review, or refresh their knowledge quickly and effectively.

High-Level Synthesis Hardware Trojan Attacks and Countermeasures

Wed, 11 Feb 2026 15:04:49 GMT

Hardware trojans - which involve malicious modification of integrated circuits (ICs) during the design or fabrication stage - can give access to sensitive information, deny service, and so on. They can be difficult to detect but have serious consequences for the security of the IC.

Exploring hardware trojan attacks and their countermeasures using high level synthesis (HLS), this book covers different attack strategies, their detection and countermeasures, as well as future risks.

The expert author presents key information on hardware trojan attacks and their countermeasures. The book is split into four parts, starting with an introduction to hardware trojans and high-level synthesis, and then looking at various attack strategies. This is then followed by information on detection (a key issue in hardware trojan security), and countermeasures. The book finishes by looking at additional concerns and future directions of this key area in hardware security.

Readers will learn about topics such as hardware trojan classification and taxonomy, trojan attacks using malicious HLS framework, time bomb HLS-based hardware trojan attacks, trojan attacks on ML accelerator designs, other payloads of HLS trojan attack, trojan detection technique using DMR, and trojan detection and isolation technique and compromising IP designs via malicious exploitation of commercial CAD-HLS tools.

High-Level Synthesis Hardware Trojan Attacks and Countermeasures is a key resource for researchers and engineers working in hardware security and chip design.

Whitfield's Electrical Craft Principles, 6th Edition

Thu, 21 Aug 2025 08:07:53 GMT

Whitfield's Electrical Craft Principles, 6th edition is the first of a two-volume work that covers the electrical principles syllabi for all major awarding bodies such as BTEC, and City and Guilds. The book is fully illustrated throughout with line diagrams, photographs and drawings. Worked examples are included to aid understanding of the theories and principles presented in its pages. Each chapter concludes with a summary of formulae, a set of written exercises and a multiple-choice test, which makes the book ideal for both classroom and private study.

The book will also be useful for practicing electrical installers, engineers and technicians who wish to deepen their knowledge and prepare themselves for the demands of a rapidly developing industry.

Whitfield's Electrical Craft Principles, 6th Edition

Wed, 12 Nov 2025 09:39:18 GMT

Whitfield's Electrical Craft Principles, 6th edition is the second of a two-volume work that covers the electrical principles syllabi for all major awarding bodies such as BTEC, and City and Guilds. The book is fully illustrated throughout with line diagrams, photographs and drawings. Worked examples are included to aid understanding of the theories and principles presented in its pages. Each chapter concludes with a summary of formulae, a set of written exercises and a multiple-choice test, which makes the book ideal for both classroom and private study.

Thermomechanical Simulation Methodologies for Advanced Semiconductor Packaging

Fri, 14 Mar 2025 09:24:20 GMT

Entering the post-Moore era, electronic packaging technology has played an increasingly important role in enabling the production of more powerful chips, but such technology faces significant thermomechanical challenges.

It's important to be able understand and predict the thermomechanical reliability of advanced electronic packaging. Traditional trial-and-error approaches are time-consuming, expensive, and often unable to capture the intricacies of real-world operating conditions. Numerical simulation technology, particularly finite element analysis (FEA), can enable precise simulation and analysis of the multi-physics issues in electronic packaging, thereby assisting researchers in electronic packaging product design and reliability assessment.

There is a growing demand for more accurate and efficient simulation techniques to address the thermomechanical challenges faced in advanced electronic packaging. This book compiles the latest advancements in thermomechanical simulation methodologies, empowering researchers and engineers with the knowledge and tools necessary to optimize electronic package designs, predict reliability, and accelerate the development process.

This book showcases various failure types and modes for advanced electronic packaging, in assembly, manufacturing and testing. Each chapter incorporates practical case studies, highlighting real-world applications of simulation methodologies to address complex challenges in electronic packaging. Topics covered include numerical simulation methods for warpage evolution, solder joint fatigue, vibration, and drop impact.

This concise reference on recent developments in the field offer useful insights for researchers and engineers working on electronic packaging and its reliability.

High-Level Synthesis based Methodologies for Hardware Security, Trust and IP Protection

Tue, 11 Jun 2024 14:50:41 GMT

High-Level Synthesis based Methodologies for Hardware Security, Trust and IP Protection presents state-of-the art high-level synthesis methodologies for hardware security and trust, including IP protection through synthesis-based watermarking and structural obfuscation.

All modern electronic gadgets have complex system-on-chips (SoCs) that rely heavily on data intensive application specific processors, for digital signal processing (DSP), machine learning, and image processing applications. These data-intensive cores, in the form of intellectual property (IP), form an integral part of various modern equipment and consumer applications, such as smart phones, smart watches, and tablets.

High level synthesis (HLS) frameworks play a pivotal role in designing these application specific processors. However, the design of such processors can be exposed to several trust issues and hardware security threats, such as IP piracy, fraud IP ownership, and reverse engineering.

Written by an expert author, this book is a source of information for readers on HLS solutions for hardware security. It covers topics such as HLS-based watermarking using retinal biometrics, HLS-based structural obfuscation, and detective countermeasure against HLS-based hardware Trojan attacks.

This book is a useful resource for researchers, graduate students, and practising engineers working in electronics and chip design.

CMOS-Based Sensors and Actuators for Life Science Applications

Thu, 07 Sep 2023 09:20:57 GMT

Emerging complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technologies and their ongoing downscaling trend have opened an avenue to developing integrated systems for life sciences. They offer great advantages for the monolithic integration of several active elements, and the implementation of millions of biosensors along with their transducers and readout circuits on a single chip. Benefits include the ability to make highly dense systems with high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), good accessibility and reliability. Moreover, the huge investment in CMOS foundries and the possibility of the batch production of various devices using CMOS have established it as an economical technology appropriate for the fabrication of affordable platforms for end-users. All these features make CMOS electronics a valuable technology for the implementation of integrated bio-systems such as lab-on-chips (LoCs) and point-of-care (PoC) devices.

This book offers deep multidisciplinary knowledge of different types of biosensors and bioactuators. The book covers the design and implementation of CMOS chips, including transducers, readouts and data equation circuitries. It also deals with microfluidic packaging techniques, and biological applications and protocols. The theoretical and practical aspects of CMOS biosensors are discussed, and the fundamentals of microfabrication. Several key life science applications are explored, including optical biosensors, thermal sensors, and a range of actuators.

CMOS-Based Sensors and Actuators for Life Science Applications offers a systematic and thorough approach to this complex multidisciplinary topic for researchers and engineers working in the field of microelectronic design and development, particularly those whose work has life sciences applications.

Energy Harvesting for Wireless Sensing and Flexible Electronics through Hybrid Technologies

Fri, 07 Jul 2023 12:47:31 GMT

As wearable microelectronics are becoming ubiquitous, there is a growing interest in replacing batteries with a means of harnessing power from the user's environment via embedded systems. Efforts have been made to prolong the harvester's operational lifetime, overcoming energy dissipation, lowering resonant frequency, attaining multi-resonant states, and widening the operating frequency bandwidth of the biomechanical energy harvesters. Such technological advances mean harvesting energy is a viable solution for sustainably powering wearable electronics for health and wellbeing applications, such as continuous medical health monitoring, remote sensing, and motion tracking.

The book introduces the concepts of vibration-based piezoelectric, electromagnetic and hybrid energy harvesters, and addresses their modelling, fabrication and characterization. It covers the fundamental principles and details the most advanced functions, including biomechanical and space applications. Detailed descriptions and explanations of a wide range of related concepts are provided, such as multi-degrees of freedom hybrid piezo-electromagnetic insole energy harvesters, non-linear 3D printed electromagnetic vibration energy harvesters, and finite element analysis of hybrid piezoelectric and electromagnetic energy harvesting. Also included are trends towards design, modelling, fabrication, and characterization of nonlinear multimodal electromagnetic and hybrid piezo-electromagnetic insole energy harvesters, as well as describing and explaining electromagnetic and hybrid piezo-electromagnetic energy harvesting technologies. The book provides an extensive and up-dated survey of the published scientific and technical articles and conference reports, covering more than 340 references. The book concludes with an outlook from the authors on likely future developments and applications.

Energy Harvesting for Wireless Sensing and Flexible Electronics through Hybrid Technologies provides in-depth coverage of the topic for researchers from academia and industry, as well as advanced students with an interest in the field.

Physical Biometrics for Hardware Security of DSP and Machine Learning Coprocessors

Fri, 03 Mar 2023 14:06:19 GMT

Physical Biometrics for Hardware Security of DSP and Machine Learning Coprocessors presents state-of-the art explanations for detective control-based security and protection of digital signal processing (DSP) and machine learning coprocessors against hardware threats. Such threats include intellectual property (IP) abuse and misuse, for example, fraudulent claims of IP ownership and IP piracy. DSP coprocessors such as finite impulse response filters, image processing filters, discrete Fourier transform, and JPEG compression hardware are extensively utilized in several real-life applications. Further, machine learning coprocessors such as convolutional neural network (CNN) hardware IP cores play a vital role in several applications such as face recognition, medical imaging, autonomous driving, and biometric authentication, amongst others.

Written by an expert in the field, this book reviews recent advances in hardware security and IP protection of digital signal processing (DSP) and machine learning coprocessors using physical biometrics and DNA. It presents solutions for secured coprocessors for DSP, image processing applications and CNN, and where relevant chapters explores the advantages, disadvantages and security-cost trade-offs between different approaches and techniques to assist in the practical application of these methods.

The interdisciplinary themes and topics covered are expected to be of interest to researchers in several areas of specialisation, encompassing the overlapping fields of hardware design security, VLSI design (high level synthesis, register transfer level, gate level synthesis), IP core, optimization using evolutionary computing, system-on-chip design, and biometrics. CAD/design engineers, system architects and students will also find this book to be a useful resource.

Understandable Electronic Devices

Tue, 14 Jun 2022 08:15:14 GMT

An electronic device is a physical component of an electronic circuit or system, which is used to affect electrons and their associated fields in accordance with the function of that system. Such systems have a very broad range of applications, the main ones being, Industrial automation and motion control, information processing, telecommunication, and signal processing.

Understandable Electronic Devices: Key concepts and circuit design provides a concise, easily understandable and convenient guide to electronics circuits. Coverage includes diodes, bipolar junction transistors, field effect transistors, amplifiers, oscillators, and voltage regulators. Each chapter includes worked examples of theorems, and clear summaries of procedures, methods and equations.

Reviewing key concepts in modern electronics, this book is a valuable resource for anyone needing an overview of the principles of electronic devices and circuits, or to review or update their knowledge in this field. Written by a highly experienced instructor in the field, the book provides early-career professionals and college and university students with the necessary foundation in electronics. The book is also a useful resource for researchers and research professionals whose main field is not electronics but whose research requires a working knowledge of electronic circuits and devices.

Emerging CMOS Capacitive Sensors for Biomedical Applications

Wed, 02 Jun 2021 14:20:25 GMT

CMOS-based sensors offer significant advantages to life science applications, such as non-invasive long-term recordings, fast responses and label-free processes. They have been widely applied in many biological and medical fields for the study of living cell samples such as neural cell recording and stimulation, monitoring metabolic activity, cell manipulation, and extracellular pH monitoring. Compared to other sensing techniques, capacitive sensors are low-complexity, high-precision, label-free sensing methods for monitoring cellular activities such as cell viability, proliferation and morphology.

The development of capacitive sensors for use in life sciences requires thorough knowledge of both the intended biological applications and CMOS circuitry. This book addresses the principles, design, implementation and testing, and packaging of CMOS circuits for these applications. Existing applications, markets, and potential future developments are also covered, plus the relevant biological protocols.

Emerging CMOS Capacitive Sensors for Biomedical Applications provides information and guidance for researchers and advanced students in the field of microelectronics who are looking to specialise in biological applications. It is also relevant to academic and industrial researchers already working in the biosensors field, who wish to expand their knowledge and keep abreast of new developments.

Secured Hardware Accelerators for DSP and Image Processing Applications

Thu, 06 Aug 2020 10:42:44 GMT

Written by an acknowledged expert in the field, this book focuses on approaches for designing secure hardware accelerators for digital signal processing and image processing, which are also optimised for performance and efficiency. State-of-the art security and optimization algorithms are presented, and their roles in the design of secured hardware accelerators for DSP, multimedia and image processing applications are explored.

The book begins with an introduction to the principles of secured and optimized hardware accelerators for DSP and image processing applications. The following topics are then given thorough and systematic coverage: cryptography driven IP steganography for DSP hardware accelerators; double line of defence to secure JPEG codec hardware for medical imaging systems; integrating multi-key based structural obfuscation and low-level watermarking for double line of defence of DSP hardware accelerators; multimodal hardware accelerators for image processing filters; fingerprint biometric for securing hardware accelerators; key-triggered hash-chaining based encoded hardware steganography for Securing DSP hardware accelerators; designing N-point DFT hardware accelerator using obfuscation and steganography; and structural transformation and obfuscation frameworks for data-intensive IPs.

Intended primarily for researchers and practicing engineers, the book will also be of interest to graduate students with a particular interest in hardware device security.

Integrated Optics

Thu, 06 Aug 2020 10:43:41 GMT

Edited by two recognised experts, this book in two volumes provides a comprehensive overview of integrated optics, from modelling to fabrication, materials to integration platforms, and characterization techniques to applications. The technology is explored in detail, and set in a broad context that addresses a range of current and potential future research and development trends.

Volume 1 begins with introductory chapters on the history of integrated optics technology, design tools, and modelling techniques. The next section of the book goes on to discuss the range of materials used for integrated optics, their deposition techniques, and their specific applications, including glasses, plasmonic nanostructures, SOI and SOS, and III-V and II-VI semiconductors.

Volume 2 addresses characterization techniques, integrated optical waveguides and devices. A range of applications are also discussed, including devices for sensing, telecommunications, optical amplifiers and lasers, and quantum computing.

The introductory chapters are intended to be of use to newcomers to the field, but its depth and breadth of coverage means that this book is also appropriate reading for early-career and senior researchers wishing to refresh their knowledge or keep up to date with recent developments in integrated optics.

Integrated Optics

Thu, 06 Aug 2020 10:44:25 GMT

Frontiers in Hardware Security and Trust

Fri, 05 Jun 2020 09:44:43 GMT

Frontiers in Hardware Security and Trust provides a comprehensive review of emerging security threats and privacy protection issues, and the versatile state-of-the-art hardware-based security countermeasures and applications proposed by the hardware security community.

The footprint and power constraints imposed on internet-of-things end-points, smart sensors, mobile and ad hoc network devices make traditional and software based cryptographic solutions that require a general-purpose processor increasingly unfeasible. The fact that security is not the primary functionality of these devices means that only a small portion of their limited processing power and storage is available for security, driving the need for alternative security solutions. Hardware security - including hardware obfuscation, hardware security primitives, side-channel attacks and so on - is therefore becoming an increasingly active research area in both academia and industry.

This book discusses the fundamentals of reversible logics, hardware obfuscations, SAT resistant logic obfuscation, and design-for-security. Novel security primitives such as state-of-the-art true random number generators are also explored. Modern micro-architectural attacks enabled with the superscalar microprocessors and its countermeasures are analysed to shed light on how existing architectures can be fortified or made more robust against attack. The introduction of hardware security into cognitive radio networks, 5G networks and machine learning, which are widely considered to be the most promising major contributors to next wave of technological growth, are also discussed.

The book serves as an advanced reference for researchers on current hardware security problems, challenges and solutions.

Cross-Layer Reliability of Computing Systems

Mon, 11 May 2020 11:33:31 GMT

Reliability has always been a major concern in designing computing systems. However, the increasing complexity of such systems has led to a situation where efforts for assuring reliability have become extremely costly, both for the design of solutions for the mitigation of possible faults, and for the reliability assessment of such techniques.

Cross-layer reliability is fast becoming the preferred solution. In a cross-layer resilient system, physical and circuit level techniques can mitigate low-level faults. Hardware redundancy can be used to manage errors at the hardware architecture layer. Eventually, software implemented error detection and correction mechanisms can manage those errors that escaped the lower layers of the stack.

This book presents state-of-the-art solutions for increasing the resilience of computing systems, both at single levels of abstraction and multi-layers. The book begins by addressing design techniques to improve the resilience of computing systems, covering the logic layer, the architectural layer and the software layer. The second part of the book focuses on cross-layer resilience, including coverage of physical stress, reliability assessment approaches, fault injection at the ISA level, analytical modelling for cross-later resiliency, and stochastic methods.

Cross-Layer Reliability of Computing Systems is a valuable resource for researchers, postgraduate students and professional computer architects focusing on the dependability of computing systems.

Tensorial Analysis of Networks (TAN) Modelling for PCB Signal Integrity and EMC Analysis

Thu, 09 Apr 2020 09:51:12 GMT

This book describes a fast, accurate and flexible modelling methodology for PCBs. The model uses the concept of tensorial analysis of networks (TAN) based on Kron's and Kron-Branin's methods adapted for the EMC use by O. Maurice. The TAN approach is applied to the PCB SI and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) analysis.

Each chapter presents a methodology consisting of the problem formulation, classical circuit description, TAN primitive elements, TAN graph topology elaboration, problem metric mathematization and the posed-problem resolution based on Python and Matlab routine algorithms. This methodical approach has been applied to the following topics: basic knowledge to practice TAN for PCB SI/PI/EMC investigation; PCB primitive components analysis with TAN; analytical calculation of PCB trace Z/Y/T/S matrices with TAN approach; fast S-parameter Kron-Branin's modelling of rectangular wave guide (RWG) structure via mesh impedance reduction; time domain TAN modelling of PCB system with Kron's method; direct time-domain analysis with TAN method for PCB modelling; coupling between EM field and multilayer PCB with MKME; conducted emissions (CE) EMC TAN modelling; PCB conducted susceptibility (CS) EMC TAN modelling; PCB radiated susceptibility (RS) EMC TAN modelling; TAN model of loop probe coupling onto shielded coaxial short-cable; nonlinear behaviour conduced EMC model of an ADC based mixed PCB under radio frequency interference (RFI); far-field prediction combining simulations with near-field measurements for EMI assessment of PCBs; and element of information for numerical modelling on PCB.

With its highly systematic approach to addressing TAN modelling methods, this book provides key information and novel solutions to the designers and manufacturers of analogue, RF, digital and mixed signal electronic circuits and systems.

Analysis and Design of CMOS Clocking Circuits For Low Phase Noise

Wed, 04 Mar 2020 10:36:36 GMT

As electronics continue to become faster, smaller and more efficient, development and research around clocking signals and circuits has accelerated to keep pace. This book bridges the gap between the classical theory of clocking circuits and recent technological advances, making it a useful guide for newcomers to the field, and offering an opportunity for established researchers to broaden and update their knowledge of current trends.

The book begins by introducing the theory of Fourier transform and power spectral density, then builds on this foundation in chapter 2 to define phase noise and jitter. Chapter 3 discusses the theory and primary implementation of CMOS oscillators, including LC oscillators and ring oscillators, and chapter 4 introduces techniques for analysing their phase noise and jitter. Chapters 5-7 cover conventional clocking circuits; phase-locked loop (PLL) and delay-locked loop (DLL), which suppress the phase noise of CMOS oscillators. The building blocks of conventional PLLs/DLLs are described, and the dynamics of the PLL/DLL negative feedback loop explored in depth, with practical design examples. Chapters 8-11 address state-of-the-art circuit techniques for phase noise suppression, presenting the principles and practical issues in circuit implementation of sub-sampling phase detection techniques, all-digital PLL/DLL, injection-locked oscillator, and clock multiplying DLL. Extensive survey and discussion on state-of-the-art clocking circuits and benchmarks are covered in an Appendix.

Gyrators, Simulated Inductors and Related Immittances

Wed, 21 Aug 2019 15:03:32 GMT

This book provides comprehensive coverage of the major gyrator circuits, simulated inductors and related synthetic impedances. It offers a thorough review of research in this field to date, and includes an exceptionally wide range and number of circuit examples, along with their relevant design equations, limitations, performance features, advantages and shortcomings. The book provides useful information for academics wishing to keep up-to-date with developments in the design of gyrators and other related synthetic impedances, and can also be used as a reference guide by electronics engineers looking to select appropriate circuits for specific applications.

The book begins with an introduction to the key concepts of integrated and simulated inductors. Later chapters go on to cover the gyrators, simulated inductors and other related synthetic impedances realised with a wide variety of active devices ranging from bipolar and MOS transistors to the ubiquitous IC op-amps, operational transconductance amplifiers, current conveyors, current feedback op-amps and numerous other modern electronic circuit building blocks.

MEMS Resonator Filters

Mon, 16 Dec 2019 10:22:36 GMT

The use of MEMS resonators for signal processing is relatively new and has the potential to change the topology of newer generation circuits. New materials, design and fabrication processes, and integration with conventional circuitry will need to be considered.

This book explores the challenges and opportunities of developing circuits with MEMS resonator filters. The replacement of classical electrical components with electromechanical components is explored in this book, and the specific properties of MEMS resonators required in various frequency ranges are discussed. Materials and their selection, CAD tools for system design and the integration of MEMS with CMOS circuitry, and the design, fabrication, testing and packaging of MEMS filters themselves are addressed in detail.

Case studies where resonator MEMS have been used as components have been included to encourage readers to consider the practical applications of this technology.

MEMS Resonator Filters is essential reading for the analogue circuit designer community, particularly those who are designing circuits for wireless communications, and CMOS technology researchers and engineers who are involved in the fabrication of circuits. Designers of sensors and interfacing circuits will also be interested since resonators are also being used as sensors.