2024

Power Systems and Smart Grids

Tue, 21 Jan 2025 10:14:04 GMT

Power systems need to be optimised for efficient use of resources and in order to meet stringent requirements for power quality and reliability. Algorithms exist and are in development for various tasks including sizing, voltage and frequency control, demand response, fault identification, and for specific situations and systems such as hybrid energy systems and hot climates. Especially in urban areas with high population densities, researchers and experts need to be abreast of R&D trends, both for energy systems for communities as well as for smart grid developments.

This work on power systems for residential areas is presented in two volumes. Volume 1: Sizing and optimization of energy systems for communities begins with an overview of power systems and smart grids optimizations for sustainable cities, then goes on to explore optimization algorithms for sizing, economic dispatch, assessment of configuration of renewable energy systems, optimization and sizing of hybrid systems and 100% green hybrid energy systems.

Volume 2: Control, management and power quality of smart grids begins with a review of optimization algorithms. Further chapters cover smart grid concepts and dispatch strategies, energy allocation, power quality indices, load frequency control in smart grids, optimization for fault identification and protection, communication systems, and community energy cells.

These volumes offer a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and industry professionals involved with designing and refitting electric power systems, and for anyone seeking to advance the field of power systems and smart grid technology. By providing a comprehensive overview, highlighting key challenges and opportunities, and suggesting future research directions, the book contributes to the ongoing efforts to build a sustainable and resilient energy future.

Smart Cities for Inclusive Innovation

Tue, 21 Jan 2025 10:09:45 GMT

Cities that promote inclusion not only ensure greater opportunities for their citizens but often reap large economic benefits. In recent years, smart cities have exploited and used technologies to guarantee a better quality of services and to predictively analyse and provide responses to urban changes in a proactive way. However, it has become clear that some initiatives have made existing inequalities stronger by failing to address the needs of all citizens. Today, more than ever, it is necessary to address inclusiveness in smart cities from the ground up. Sustainable solutions and energy efficient methods have led to cleaner energy, pollution reduction, improvements in the life of citizens, and transformed environments and regulatory structures to be more inclusive. This is creating smarter cities where citizens, inclusivity and sustainability are at the core.

Designing a new smart city is much simpler than incorporating new technologies into an already built urban space. This book covers technology advances, innovative concepts, solutions and applications in smart cities, both from engineering and social perspectives.

Smart Cities for Inclusive Innovation: Concepts, technologies and solutions is a useful resource for researchers and engineers in smart cities and their associated technologies as well as specialists such as planners, decision-makers and stakeholders in urban communities and local governments, and administrators involved in current and impending smart cities-related activities.

Electric Vehicle Technologies

Tue, 10 Dec 2024 15:12:01 GMT

Electric Vehicle Technologies: Renewable energy for the road traces electric vehicle technology from its beginnings through the current state-of-the-art and onwards to future possibilities. Bringing together insights from technical and commercial perspectives, this book is collated and written by two experts - one a pioneer in the field of EV whose career spans decades of design and development, the other a highly experienced technical specialist in EV drive system and megawatt rapid charge system design.

The first chapter addresses the fundamental principles and strategies of EV design and development. Additional chapters provide important historical context, covering the development of the first all-electric and hybrid vehicles, discussing their advantages, limitations, and how they paved the way for future progress in EV. This concludes with the invention of the lithium-ion battery; discussing the transformative impact of this breakthrough on EV research.

The second part of the book addresses the current state of the EV industry and recent advances in research, with case studies on Tesla, Formula-E and the role of government policies in driving EV development in China. A chapter is devoted to rapid charge infrastructure, and the role of renewable energy is also discussed, including its inherent intermittency challenges and current and future energy storage solutions.

The final chapters of the book look to the future of EV, covering the near- and long-term future of lithium-ion batteries, fuel cell technologies and the potential prospects of the hydrogen economy, as well as touching on more speculative possibilities such as fusion energy.

This book is a valuable and fascinating resource for anyone working on the development of EV technologies who wishes to gain insights into the underlying trends and drivers in this field.

Urban Traffic Analysis and Control

Tue, 10 Dec 2024 15:10:23 GMT

Urban Traffic Analysis and Control: The key challenges in the era of ITS explores urban traffic control strategies. It provides a comprehensive overview of traffic management methods, focusing on both static and dynamic applications. The book addresses issues related to transportation planning, or simpler cases where real-time adaptive control is not necessary, as well as traffic control applications based on real-time monitoring and dynamic models or data-driven methods for flow prediction.

Notably, this is the first book to address both fixed and adaptive signal-setting design, offering theory and practical applications at both the intersection and network-wide levels. It also incorporates the latest developments in Intelligent Transportation Systems, particularly how technologies impact traffic analysis and control. Additionally, the book discusses strategies for optimizing impacts related to safety, noise, fuel consumption, and emissions.

The four main topics covered are:

Methods for estimating dynamic traffic flows and evaluating performance;
Traffic control strategies, with a primary focus on signal coordination;
The impact of emerging technologies on enhancing traffic signals and management;
Methods for evaluating externalities (such as safety, emissions, energy consumption, and noise).

The book is intended to serve as a reference work for academic researchers and graduate students in the field of Intelligent Transportation Systems, as well as professionals and consultants working in this area.

Synchronized Phasor Measurements for Smart Grids, 2nd Edition

Tue, 10 Dec 2024 10:41:37 GMT

The use of advanced technologies is enabling the transformation of power grids to intelligent smart grids with real-time control and monitoring and integration of distributed renewable generation. With the development of phasor measurement units (PMUs) and the availability of real-time measurements, it has become possible to develop different power system applications to enhance stability and perform state estimation, load estimation, power network protection, and wide-area security assessment and reliability of the power grid.

This second edition of Synchronized Phasor Measurements for Smart Grids explores the ways in which these advanced technologies are continuing to improve power grid reliability and flexibility. All chapters have been expanded and updated for the new edition. Coverage includes optimal reliability criterion index (ORC), secured relaying, synchrophasor-assisted visualization, protection and power grid monitoring, cyber-physical attack detection, vulnerability assessment, load and generator parameter estimation, state estimation, wide-area security assessment, and micro phasor measurements for energy management.

Offering a thoroughly updated guide to the use of synchronised phasor measurements application to smart grids, this book is a useful resource for researchers involved with power system monitoring and smart grids.

New Waves in Electromagnetic Technology

Mon, 11 Nov 2024 08:51:22 GMT

The concept for this book emerged from a webinar on Electromagnetic Waves: Successfully Surfing the Subject that the editor gave on behalf of the IET in June 2020. The concept was that experts in specialist areas of electromagnetics would write each chapter; providing insightful summaries of current developments within their specialisms, and then extrapolating these existing trends in a logical and reasoned fashion to forecast the future technological developments in their fields. The challenge was for them to look ahead by anything up to a century or more.

This volume presents the fruits of this plan, by focusing on current and forthcoming trends in ten of the most exciting and important areas of technological development involving the field of electromagnetics.

The book particularly addresses wireless power transfer, magnetic confinements fusion, the applications of metamaterials to improve antennas, lenses and cloaking technologies, powerful superconducting motors, applications of magnetic levitation, electrostatic dissipation in healthcare, electromagnetic propulsion for spacecraft, advances in liquid crystal displays, advanced particle accelerators and technological applications of magnetic monopoles.

It is an important consequence of the Maxwell Equations, which constitute the theoretical framework of electromagnetics, that accelerating or oscillating a charge generates a wave in the electromagnetic field. In a parallel fashion, this book aims to lead the charge in making waves in the field of electromagnetic technology.

New Waves in Electromagnetic Technology is a valuable resource for researchers in the electromagnetics community who are seeking perspectives on the leading edge of scientific thought and a long view on possible future directions in the field.

Traffic Safety Data

Mon, 11 Nov 2024 08:50:32 GMT

Traffic fatalities decrease in most high-income countries, though it is still a long journey to reach the Vision Zero target. The trend is quite the opposite in low- and middle-income countries, where road casualty numbers stagnate at best. In both contexts, however, access to meaningful and reliable data is crucial for developing efficient traffic safety policies and, ultimately, saving lives on streets and roads.

There can be significant limitations with available accident data, meaning finding alternative sources of relevant information is increasingly important. Besides the traditional police records, there are many other data sources that can be used as a complement or an alternative. 'Triangulation' of different data types usually leads to important insights, both related to the traffic safety problems at hands, and to how much trust we can put into a single data source.

This book covers the different data types that can be collected and used for monitoring, analysing, and improving road safety, including chapters on police records and accident modelling, healthcare system records, self-reporting of accidents, data from insurance companies, and more. Not the least, significant space is given to the pro-active methods for traffic safety assessment. The book also looks at the legal and ethical issues around collecting and using road safety data.

This book provides a wide and up-to-date perspective on relevant traffic safety data, helping to broaden the horizons for safety experts and also to promote a more knowledge- and data-based approach to traffic safety management.

Reliability of Power Electronic Converter Systems, 2nd Edition

Mon, 11 Nov 2024 08:49:23 GMT

The reliability of power electronic systems is a major concern because these systems are exposed to harsh environments, high stresses, and variable loads caused by the increasing proliferation of renewable power generation.

Real-time monitoring of aging and performance is becoming increasingly important. Monitoring the performance of power electronic devices helps identifying potential problems before they cause system failure, thus increasing the reliability and longevity of these systems.

This second edition follows new developments in converter and power electronics research and development. Coverage includes anomaly detection and prognostics, DC-link capacitors, lifetime modelling and prediction, reliability of packaging, active thermal control, test and state monitoring, stochastic hybrid systems models, wind turbine power electronics, adjustable speed drives, reliability analysis for wind and PV power, power supplies for computers, as well as high-power converters. Chapters have been carefully updated as required, and new content has been added on device-level technology.

Offering readers a deeper understanding of the components that form a power electronic system, from the device to system level, this book is aimed at researchers and research professionals across academia, industry and at grid operators, as well as senior students in the field.

FACTS and HVDC

Mon, 11 Nov 2024 08:48:04 GMT

A flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) provides a structured method to augment the transmission capabilities of conventional electrical energy systems. It is intended to enhance controllability, reliability and transfer capability using power electronic equipment and control techniques. HVDC are high voltage direct current systems. Both systems complement each other, they each have their specific area of application, and they can work together, in a coordinated fashion, for example, to accommodate growing shares of renewable energy such as wind power, which needs to be transferred over long distances from generation sites to demand centres.

This book offers an up-to-date account of FACTS and HVDC technology and installations around the globe. Chapters cover flexible transmission equipment and installations, power semiconductor valves, power circuits, converters and electronics for power transmission, and distribution, power electronics in generation and storage, dynamic and transient operation, FACTS and HVDC in wind power generation, protection in AC and DC power networks, as well as future trends.

Co-ordinated by three experts in the field, the book offers a thorough and systematic exploration of its topic for researchers in power system and power electronics research, utility engineers, and postgraduate students.

Energy Optimization and Security in Federated Learning for IoT Environments

Mon, 11 Nov 2024 08:46:54 GMT

Smart environments such as smart homes and industrial automation have been transformed by the rapid developments in internet of things (IoT) devices and systems. However, the widespread use of these devices poses significant difficulties, particularly in settings with limited energy resources. Due to the significant energy consumption and communication overhead associated with delivering huge amounts of data, traditional machine learning algorithms which rely on centralized cloud servers for training are not always suitable.

Federated learning is a decentralized strategy that enables collaborative machine learning model training while keeping the data local on edge devices. It has emerged as a suitable solution to overcome the energy constraints of IoT devices. Federated learning works by dividing the training process among several nodes and using the processing power of edge devices. As opposed to sending raw data to a central server, only the model changes are communicated thereby considerably lowering the communication costs while protecting data privacy. This strategy reduces energy usage while simultaneously reducing network latency and bandwidth-related problems.

In this book, the authors show how to optimise federated learning algorithms and develop new communication protocols and resource allocation methodologies to maximize energy savings while retaining respectable model accuracy, to develop long-lasting and scalable IoT solutions that can function independently with no dependency on an external cloud infrastructure.

Energy Optimization and Security in Federated Learning for IoT Environments is intended to be a useful resource for academic researchers, R&D professionals, IoT engineers in the IT industry, and data scientists creating optimised AI models to be run in cloud environments.

Industry 5.0

Mon, 11 Nov 2024 08:45:20 GMT

We are on the brink of another industrial transformation - one that builds upon the digital foundations of Industry 4.0 and reaches new heights with the emergence of Industry 5.0. Unlike its predecessor, which focused heavily on automation, cyber-physical systems, and the Internet of Things, Industry 5.0 shifts the paradigm toward human-centered solutions, blending the power of cutting-edge technologies with human creativity, expertise, and ethical considerations. This evolution is not merely technological; it is social and economic, reshaping how we live, work, and interact with our environment.

The convergence of advanced artificial intelligence, robotics, 3D printing, and the Internet of Things is now being augmented with a renewed focus on collaboration between humans and machines. This human-machine synergy unlocks new potential in industries ranging from manufacturing to healthcare, from energy to education, as intelligent systems learn to complement, rather than replace, human ingenuity. The aim of Industry 5.0 is not only to enhance productivity but to create a more sustainable, ethical, and personalized approach to industrial processes.

Industry 5.0: Design, standards, techniques and applications for manufacturing provides a comprehensive exploration of the key components that define this new industrial era. It is designed to serve as a foundational guide for engineers, designers, researchers, and policymakers who seek to understand and contribute to the future of Industry 5.0. Through an examination of its applications, innovative designs, emerging standards, and the latest techniques, this work offers a critical resource for those striving to navigate the complex yet exciting landscape of this revolution.

Advanced Metaverse Wireless Communication Systems

Tue, 15 Oct 2024 10:43:14 GMT

Billions of wireless applications are proliferating in the global space. The novel wireless systems to support these applications need to satisfy several user-defined metrics to ensure quality of physical experience, quality of service, low latency and ultra-high reliability. Enabling technologies are being developed in order to meet these rate-hungry requirements.

Managing these complex wireless and computing resources requires a proactive analysis of the core wireless systems, especially in the metaverse, which is a virtual model of the physical world systems. The metaverse concept is intended to be self-sustainable and facilitates the seamless operation of wireless systems at minimal operational costs for the efficient management of wireless system resources. It is gaining widespread popularity using technologies such as advanced optimization theory, digital twins, virtual reality, machine learning, and blockchain.

This book presents a comprehensive overview of advanced metaverse wireless communication systems. The authors highlight the technology enablers and critical design aspects, emphasize how the metaverse can support wireless systems but also show how wireless systems can empower the metaverse. They address critical concerns covering theoretical analysis, novel system architecture design and new implementation methodologies, emerging application scenarios, experimental frameworks, and reliability, security, privacy, technical, and ethical considerations, viable solutions, as well as open challenges, the social impacts of the metaverse concept and future perspectives.

Offering a range of international perspectives from researchers in the field, this book is intended for researchers from academia and industry, and scientists, engineers, lecturers and advanced students in the fields of wireless and mobile communications, networking, computing, data science, AI/ML/DL, multimedia, haptics, sensing, CPS and immersive technologies.

Multiphase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines and Drives

Tue, 15 Oct 2024 10:41:58 GMT

The electrification of the economy entails the development and optimization of efficient electrical machines. Permanent magnet machines use permanent magnets, rather than windings, for field excitation. They are more efficient than other electrical machine technologies for high-efficiency applications. Multiphase machines, as compared to 3-phase machines, have advantages including lower torque pulsation, higher power density, and better fault tolerance.

This book offers concise and systematic coverage of multiphase permanent magnet machines and control techniques. It gives an overview of multiphase machines and control techniques in the context of various electrical machine technologies and presents the advantages of multiphase electrical machines. Applications are covered, including wind turbine generators, electric vehicles, electric ships, and aircraft and train propulsion. Machine topologies, modelling, design, control, pulse-width modulation, fault-tolerance, and reduction of current harmonics and torque ripples are considered.

Multiphase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines and Drives: Principles, design, and control is written for industrial engineers and researchers, including PhD and post-doctoral research students working on electrical machines and drives, as well as for researchers working on electric vehicles, wind power generators, aerospace, electric ships and trains. Following a general introduction, chapters cover winding configurations, multiphase and dual-three-phase permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs), modelling, design, modulation strategies, field-oriented control, direct torque control, model reference control, sensorless control, and also fault tolerant control for multiphase PMSMs. The logical progression from fundamental concepts to state-of-the-art research outcomes helps readers understand and use multiphase electrical machines.

Ammonia Combustion Applications for Energy Systems

Tue, 15 Oct 2024 10:41:12 GMT

Emerging low-emission energy systems will depend on a range of energy vectors or fuels, for electricity, heating, storage and transport. Each has advantages and shortcomings, qualifying it for certain roles and applications. Liquid ammonia offers a higher energy density than liquid hydrogen.

This book covers trends, developments and advances in research around ammonia combustion systems. It is suitable for engineers, researchers and technicians working with ammonia or hydrogen in combustion systems, as well as for advanced students, especially PhD and MSc students in related subjects.

Ammonia Combustion Applications for Energy Systems begins by introducing the current and potential role of ammonia as a fuel. Further chapters address global distribution of ammonia, measurements in ammonia combustion, combustion systems for ammonia-fuelled gas furnaces and boilers, for gas turbines and other propulsion devices, internal combustion engines, economics, regulations and international scenarios, measuring techniques and insights into the ongoing unsolved challenges in using ammonia for fuelling energy systems.

Hydrogen Technologies for Energy

Tue, 15 Oct 2024 10:39:47 GMT

Hydrogen is a key vector towards a future sector-coupled and more integrated energy system. Hydrogen can be used as long term, even seasonal, storage for electricity itself, as well as a fuel in the transport and residential sectors, and as a feedstock for the chemical industries.

There are several competing, or complementary, technologies for generating hydrogen from various sources, and then to store it, to transport it, and to use it in various sectors. This book offers an overview of the currently available technologies, taking into account their principles, advantages and shortcomings, and so enabling readers to make informed choices on the best options for given conditions.

Chapters cover hydrogen characteristics, production of hydrogen, storage and distribution, and hydrogen energy utilisation and applications in different sectors. The work conveys the entire chain of energy use of hydrogen, from production to final use. Chemistry and materials science are covered, along with efficiency considerations.

Hydrogen Technologies for Energy presents a concise but thorough overview for researchers in universities and in industry who are involved in hydrogen technology and energy-related topics. The book is also a useful resource for graduate students interested in a future in this field of research and development.

System Level Control and Optimisation of Microgrids

Tue, 15 Oct 2024 10:38:40 GMT

Microgrids are essential components of next-generation energy grids. A microgrid is a local, integrated energy system comprising interconnected loads and distributed energy resources; they can represent urban or rural districts, islands or local communities. Microgrids can operate in parallel with the main grid or independently in an intentional island mode. When on-site generation is included, intelligent buildings can also function as microgrids. Efficient optimization and control algorithms are crucial for ensuring optimal microgrid performance, making them a continuous focus of research and development in the field of power systems.

The next-generation energy grid and urban environment need to be smart and sustainable to deal with the growing energy demand and achieve environmental goals. In this context, the role of local energy systems at the distribution level, which can represent urban or rural districts, islands or local communities, is crucial.

System Level Control and Optimisation of Microgrids offers a comprehensive and systematic review of developments in this field. The chapters cover topics such as modelling of integrated energy systems and district heating systems, dynamics and control of grid-connected microgrids, frequency regulation, distributed optimization for energy grids, integration of distributed energy resources, transactive energy management for multi-energy microgrids, and laboratory validation. Real-world examples are provided through case studies based on the EUREF Energy Workshop and fog computing-based decentralized energy management.

This book presents a wide range of perspectives from academia and industry on the challenges and solutions in microgrid optimization and control. It serves as a thorough resource for engineers and academics in the control and power systems fields, as well as for graduate students in related disciplines. Advanced control and optimization techniques for microgrids are discussed in depth, with examples and case studies demonstrating their practical application in shaping the future of energy systems.

Techniques and Technologies in Electrical Stimulation for Neuromuscular Rehabilitation

Tue, 15 Oct 2024 10:36:56 GMT

In its simplest form, electrical stimulation is the application of electrical impulses to nerves via electrodes placed over the nerve or muscle or implanted within the body. The aim is to evoke a muscle contraction. People may not be able to activate their own muscles sufficiently to execute effective movement due to damage to the nervous system preventing the signals from the brain reaching the muscles, for example, after a stroke or spinal cord injury, or due to disuse, often because of pain. Electrical stimulation can be used to restore or improve impaired function by initiating or complementing muscle activity. Stimulation can be used either to provide exercise and so improve strength and endurance or timed to a physical activity such as walking to improve quality of movement and function.

Over the last twenty-five years electrical stimulation has moved from a research technique to an evidence-based clinical modality. Early applications were limited to the treatment of drop-foot and loss of upper limb function. However, advances in technology, understanding of neural recovery and clinical evidence have opened applications to treat a wide range of conditions, such as pressure sores, bladder, bowel and sexual dysfunction, spasticity and lower motor neuron damage. The reader is taken from the history of therapeutic electrical stimulation, through the physiology that underpins its use, to practical guidance in clinical applications and the regulatory issues that need to be considered in the development of new technologies. It presents the research evidence for each application, reflects on new technologies and applications, such as the use of afferent stimulation to increase central and peripheral neural excitability, and provides practical guidance for clinical use.

Techniques and Technologies in Electrical Stimulation for Neuromuscular Rehabilitation brings together experts from the fields of neuroscience, biomedical engineering and clinical research and practice. The non-technical style enables it to bridge the gap between disciplines, making it essential reading for clinicians, researchers, engineers and industrial developers specialising in electrical stimulation technologies. It aims to improve patient access to evidence-based interventions.

Open combined protective and neutral (PEN) conductor detection devices (OPDDs) (e-book)

Fri, 27 Sep 2024 15:20:29 GMT

This e-book is available through the IET's digital Wiring Regulations platform. Once you have completed your purchase, details of how to download and access your package will be sent to you following your order confirmation. Please note, this may take up to 24 hours.

This Standard (IET 01:2024) includes definitions, requirements and tests for open PEN detection devices (OPDDs). During a protective earth neutral (PEN) fault, hazardous touch-voltages may occur at exposed-conductive-parts, including metallic parts of an electric vehicle (EV), connected to the supply PEN conductor by installation and equipment protective conductors.

IET 01:2024 is primarily intended for use by manufacturers of EV charging equipment and all those involved in the installation of domestic EV charging equipment and associated products, including, but not limited to, manufacturers, designers, installers, developers and operators. It will also be useful to architects, construction firms, facility and estate managers, and anyone investing in, or responsible for, the electrical safety of EV charging equipment and products.

Open combined protective and neutral (PEN) conductor detection devices (OPDDs)

Fri, 27 Sep 2024 15:09:29 GMT

Recent Advances in High-Power Electromagnetics

Mon, 16 Sep 2024 09:19:44 GMT

We live in a modern world powered by large, complex systems, including financial markets, communication networks, transportation networks, and security infrastructure. Sensitive electronics are omnipresent, making them increasingly vulnerable to high-power electromagnetic (HPEM) threats - an emerging risk capable of disrupting critical networks and the infrastructure they support. This book explores recent advances in HPEM sources, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), strategies for protecting against intentional electromagnetic interference (IEMI) and detection and mitigation of these threats.

This book is an edited selection of invited papers that have been updated and expanded from the 2022 GlobalEM Conference. It offers an in-depth overview of the state of the art in high-power electromagnetics, including high-power microwave and ultrawideband sources, intentional electromagnetic interference, electromagnetic compatibility, and detection methods for IEMI threats.

The book will help readers working in high-power electromagnetics and related fields to:

Understand the capabilities of modern HPEM sources;
Understand the threats represented by HPEM on modern critical infrastructures, systems, and equipment;
Identify the coupling mechanisms of different HPEM sources in different scenarios;
Identify the efficacy of shielding, filtering, hardening and other protection mechanisms.